|
Natural Horsemanship Articles & Links |
Please email us if you would like us to send you a copy of one or more of these articles:
CHAPTER 8 HEALING & NATURAL REMEDIES
The most important part of the daily routine of looking after a horse is WATCHING IT. Studying your horse is the best route to understanding it and being aware of any warning signs of abnormal behaviour or symptoms of trouble, whether mental or physical.
Ideally, you should be aware of the following:-
· The previous medical history of your horse, any recurrent problems or conformational defects that may cause a problem in the future. · His overall demeanour when healthy including: - his stance (whether he commonly rests a back leg etc.) - the colour of mucous membranes (around the eyes and the gums in the mouth). · His normal frequency of urination or passing droppings (and their consistency, taking into account his diet). · His normal appetite. · His normal temperature and pulse and respiration rates.
By knowing what is the ‘norm’ then it should be easier to detect any abnormalities which may be early symptoms that all is not well.
Temperature – The normal temperature for a horse is 38°C or 100.5°F. This is usually taken by inserting the end of a thermometer about 4cms inside the rectum, and holding it against the wall for about a minute.
Pulse/Heart Rate – A horse’s pulse at rest should be between 30 and 40 beats per minute. It can be taken by pressing a finger on any artery but is commonly taken under the jaw of the horse.
Respiration – Is the number of breaths a horse takes per minute. It should be between 8 and 12 in a resting horse but will increase after exercise.
Hydration and Blood Circulation - When the skin of the neck, shoulder or flank is pinched it should spring back quickly. If it is slow to return flat it may be a sign of dehydration. The colour of mucus membranes around the nostrils, eyes and gums should be salmon pink. A paler colour may be a sign of anaemia or low blood pressure.
The next port of call is your Vet. Although you should be the best person to advise if your animal is off-colour, your Vet is trained to diagnose and pinpoint the specific problem and treat accordingly.
When to call the VetAlthough this book predominately is aimed to encourage a more ‘natural’ way of life for domestic horses, their health should always come first and never be jeopardised by trying to ‘let nature take its course’ and not seeking medical advice. Nature can be cruel and injury and disease acted as a natural method of ‘culling’ the weak or elderly to limit the equine population in the wild.
The very way we domesticate horses - using tack and rugs, transporting them in vehicles, fencing them in paddocks, feeding them contrived diets and pushing them to their limits in the way we ride them - actually exposes them to more risk of injury than their wild relatives. We certainly owe it to them to be a responsible owner and aid recovery of injury and illness as best we can.
Call your Vet immediately if there is: · Heavy bleeding. · Severe pain. Obvious signs of distress include groaning, violent rolling, eyes rolling, straining. · Sudden lameness or inability to move willingly. · A foreign body puncturing or embedded in the skin, such as a piece of wire. · Breathing difficulty. · Joint oil (a yellowish fluid) leaking from the wound. · A bone exposed.
Keep a close eye on your horse/pony and arrange for the Vet to come as soon as possible if there is:
· A cut or puncture wound that has not caused lameness but may require flushing out or stitching. · Lameness, although the horse is able to walk. · Diarrhoea or loss of appetite. · Mild colic (although this may pass before the vet arrives). · Abnormal behaviour, staggering or moving awkwardly, unusual aggression or hypersensitive behaviour. · Lumps or swellings or foul smelling areas. · Recurrent coughing or discharge from the nose. Emergency Treatments before the Vet arrives
Owning a horse or pony comes with the inevitable risk of injury and health problems. Whilst it is essential that we consult a vet to ensure the correct diagnosis and treatment there are certain things we can do in an emergency to hopefully lessen the problem.
· Try not to panic. You may be worried and the animal will certainly be stressed or even in shock so it is essential to stay calm and try to think clearly. · If in doubt, do nothing. Do not aggravate the problem. Get advice from your vet before even cleaning a wound. You may feel you want to clean a laceration by hosing the area but sometimes damage can actually be caused by over-hosing as the water pressure is greater than the structure of the cells and can break the tissue down and impede healing. · Use your common sense. If you carry a mobile phone and your horse has a fall or accident telephone for help and just try to make the horse as comfortable as possible until the vet arrives. The vet may be able to give you advice over the phone before you transport or walk the animal back to the yard. · Staunch any bleeding with pressure. If your horse sustains an injury while you are out you may need to improvise with what you have to hand but firm pressure directly onto the wound is essential to help the blood clot and avoid major blood loss.
You may find yourself in an unlucky situation where there is no phone or help at hand and it is necessary to improvise treatment to stabilise the situation before help arrives.
(Cobweb picture) For minor cuts which do not require stitching a clean, newly spun cobweb is an excellent aid to bridge the wound and especially useful for awkward or sensitive places.
(Mints picture) Sugar-free mints have successfully been used to alleviate mild colic. The mint oil present in the sweets is antispasmodic and helps soothe and relax the digestive tract and the Sorbitol acts as a mild laxative to get the system moving again. N.B. Consult your vet if systems persist as colic can be life-threatening.
(Sequence 1-4) To protect and support an injured leg an improvised dressing can be made up. Firstly put something non adhesive over the wound (e.g. a large leaf or even part of a clean plastic bag). A scarf or neck tie can be used to bandage the area firmly to give support. If the wound is bleeding profusely use padding in the layers of the bandage to give added pressure, a handful of grass or leaves can act as wadding in an emergency. Finally use bailer twine or a belt to secure the bandage in place.
(Water picture) For minor sprains and strains or just to relieve tired limbs, coolpack leg wraps, refresher braces and even standing in water is beneficial to reduce swelling and heat. Astringent Witch Hazel can be added to a wash to reduce inflammation and refresh and revitalise sore, tired muscles or can be used as a compress to stop bleeding.
Mental Health
Physical distress is usually apparent at an early stage whereas mental distress may be almost undetectable. It is, however, equally important to look after both the physical and mental health of your horse and pony if he is going to reach his peak in both facets of his life.
We may think that the cosseted lives we offer horses are preferential to their wellbeing and certainly we do protect them from many physical dangers and shortages of food that they would face in the wild. We can see just how healthy the majority of domestic equines are by their superb condition and the amazing ages they are living to in our care. Nevertheless, it is their mental health that can suffer from their “kept” form of life with us, not being able to make choices or decisions for themselves and having very little stimulation.
In their natural environment horses would have many kinds of mental stimulation from interacting with other members of the herd to searching for food and water. They would be exposed to all forms of weather and changing scenery and face the difficulties of this unpredictable environment.
A horse stabled for more than a few hours a day is, in effect, a prisoner. In an ideal world he would have the choice to be grazing, resting, sleeping, playing, rolling or simply standing either out in the open or undercover and removing this freedom of choice can have lasting consequences. In the same way, a solitary animal in a paddock can also be a prisoner (see the chapter on Field Requirements for a more detailed look at this from the horse’s point of view).
Mental wellbeing is of crucial importance for optimum performance in a horse and can enhance good physical health, personality, energy and responsiveness. Psychological imbalances can show in the forms of introverted or nervous behaviour, inability to bond or communicate with human or animal companions, aggressive behaviour, lack of enthusiasm for work and general depression or listlessness. Physical symptoms include crib-biting and windsucking, box walking, weaving, self-mutilation, swollen legs, dull coat.
Alternative Therapies
It would be lovely if all equine diseases and injuries could be treated with ‘natural therapies’ but they should not be seen as ‘the be all and end all’ of equine medicine. They do, however, come into their own as a way for promoting day to day health and wellbeing and as ‘complementary’ therapies to work in conjunction with drugs or where drugs have proved ineffective. What you have to remember is that most drugs administered by a Vet are derived from natural sources and are proven and tested in clinical trials. It is also the Vet’s extensive knowledge and training that is invaluable as well as the treatment he offers.
It is up to the owner’s knowledge of the animal and the expertise of the Vet to decide whether any complementary therapies would be beneficial.
Alternative therapies should be viewed as ‘complementary’ therapies and advice should always be sought from a Vet.
Important things to remember: DO make sure any plants you pick are correctly identified and free from chemical sprays or other pollutants. DO inform your vet before using any type of complementary medicine or treatment. DO check qualifications of any practitioners you decide to use. DO be aware that horses can be allergic to some plants so stop using them if there are any signs of adverse reactions. DON’T expect miracles overnight. Some plant based medicine takes several days or weeks to get into the system. DON’T assume that because it is ‘natural’ it must be safe. DON’T use guess work when administering treatments or remedies yourself. Always seek professional advice.
ACUPUNCTURE Eastern medicine believes that balancing the two fundamental forces of nature, the Yin and Yang, creates harmony and a healthy body. Meridian lines throughout the body channel energy and acupuncture is uses as a means of correcting disharmony and blockages in the flow of Qi (pronounched Chi), thereby stimulating the body’s own healing powers and reducing pain.
Very fine hollow needles (usually steel) are inserted along specific points just below the surface of the skin, on the meridian lines. It is interesting to note that the position of the needle may be located a long way from the corresponding site of pain. The needles are gently agitated to stimulate the area under the skin and are sometimes heated or used in conjunction with Chinese herbs to enhance the treatment.
Acupressure uses the same meridian lines but stimulates the flow of energy by fingertip pressure instead of needles.
ALOE VERA Aloe Vera is a vegetable from the lily family, like onions and garlic. It is generally the sap that is used although the whole plant contains and abundance of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and enzymes. It can be used in both internal and external treatments and has been found to be extremely effective on wounds where it kills bacteria, has a cooling and anti-inflammatory effect and speeds healing by supplying the cells with nutrients. It also seems to reduce scar tissue and the white hair growth often associated with the site of an injury. Taken orally it is effective as a detoxifying agent to help with urinary infections and digestive disorders.
Aloe Vera is widely available in liquid form for internal absorption or cream or gel form for external use. It is a very versatile, safe product which is an invaluable addition to any equine (or human) first aid kit.
AROMATHERAPY Aromatherapy uses the therapeutic properties of natural essential oils which are extracted from plants and fruits. Unlike homeopathic remedies which usually have a water/alcohol carrier, aromatherapy oils are bottled by infusing the highly concentrated oils in a carrier oil, such as almond or walnut oil.
Horses have a far more sensitive sense of smell than we do and the oils work to improve both the physical and emotional well-being of the animal. Just as horses in the wild would choose plants to aid or relieve their ailments, horses should be allowed to choose the oils used in treatment. They will usually show great interest in a desired oil and turn away from those not required.
When I offered one of my mares the essential oil Rose, she was so keen on it that she tried to eat the bottle, however when my gelding was offered the same oil under his nostrils, he shot to the back of the stable, spun round and tried to barge his way out to get away! His aversion to this was possibly quite understandable as Rose is generally used to balance hormonal changes in mares!! My advice would be to be prepared for possible dramatic reactions and if possible use an Aromatherapist or Kinesiologist to match the needs of the animal to the correct oil.
The horse’s needs may change over time so different oils will be useful in different situations. They will tend to lose interest or show dislike to the oil when their needs have been met and you should stop rather than offering the same treatment time and time again. According to the composition of the oils, they can be used for their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, sedative or stimulating attributes and are used to treat both physical and emotional conditions ranging from respiratory complaints to distress or depression in horses.
A wide range of aromatherapy treatments are available to buy over the counter and are usually administered by inhalation. The bottle containing the remedy is offered up to the horse’s nostrils or sprayed into the air. Depending on the condition they can also be massaged into the skin in dilute form.
Trained Aromatherapists often combine the art of Kinesiology as a way of diagnosing which oils should be selected.
Harnessing the power of Aromatherapy [text has changed from mock-up]
Rose, a useful hormone balancer for mares in and out of season and for horses that may have experienced past trauma. Comfrey, an uplifting oil to boost the immune system and useful in the treatment of wounds, warts and sarcoids. Neroli, for general depression and to comfort a horse following illness or the loss of a companion. Vetiver & Nutmeg, found to help strong willed and ‘bargy’ horses.
BACH FLOWER REMEDIES Dr Edward Bach was born in 1886 in Britain and trained as a medical student at Birmingham University. His medical knowledge together with his interest in nature led him to discover the healing power in plants and how the energy they contain could be ‘bottled’ and used to energise, balance and ‘kick start’ the body into healing physical and emotional upsets.
Dr Bach described them as “a simple and natural method of establishing equilibrium and harmony through the personality by means of non-poisonous wild flowers”. Although he developed these for use on humans Bach flower remedies can safely be used on horses. Usually about 8 drops of the remedy are added to water or on a treat such as an apple and the frequency of dosing will depend on the emergency of the situation. They can also be made into ointment for external application on the skin.
Surprisingly, each of the 38 flower remedies in the range is usually only made up of one ingredient, specific to the corresponding problems it treats. An example is Gorse, which is effective for depression perhaps during a period of box rest, recuperating from illness or injury or after the loss of a companion. The most well known composition formulation is the Rescue Remedy (made up of 5 ingredients) which has been found to be invaluable in the treatment of stress or shock or pre-show nerves and can be used by both horse and owner!
CHIROPRACTIC Chiropractic is a method of treating pain by external adjusting of the spinal column to release pressure on nerves. The treatment is predominantly manipulation to promote a healthy nervous system and to treat joint disorders, especially those in the spine of the horse. It is primarily used to realign the vertebrae by low velocity manipulative adjustments to correct incorrect pressure on the nerves and joints. It takes seven years to qualify as an animal chiropractor.
CHROMOTHERAPYChromotherapy uses colour to restore and maintain good health. In 1665 Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made of 7 colours that produce different vibrations in the environment which can affect our behaviour. Strange as it may sound, just as sound waves can be altered to produce harmony or discord, colours can be used to stimulate or calm cells in the body. The red side of the colour spectrum is used in varying degrees to stimulate circulation and cell regeneration, while the colours made up of predominantly blue have analgesic and anti-inflammatory influences. Chromotherapists use a hand held Bioptron which emits varying intensities of specialist lights with colour filters to treat problems as diverse as behavioural problems, arthritis and skin irritations.
EMRT – EQUINE MUSCLE RELEASE THERAPYThe theory from the Bowen Technique that is used on humans has been developed into a treatment for horses. It uses non-invasive gentle pressure and massage of the muscles and soft tissue, usually in a specific order over key areas of the horse’s body. It is used to relax muscles and correct overcompensation which could lead to an unbalanced animal and has successfully been used to help animals that tend to favour one side or direction of movement or seem restricted in their way of going.
FENG SHUI
Feng Shui is not really a ‘treatment’ for the horse itself but more of a specialist approach to harnessing the earth’s energies to enhance the well-being and potential of the animals and people surrounded by them.
The aim of Feng Shui is to identify the earth’s good energy currents (Sheng Qi) or vapours and neutralise unhealthy or blocked energies (Sha Qi). Bad energy currents or blockages are known as “black streams” and can be natural geological faults, tunnels, quarries or power stations and building foundations. Although many ley lines are invisible to the untrained eye, some can be easily identified on the surface of the ground by bare patches of lawn, stunted growth of plants or fungi growth. Insects and bacteria tend to thrive in these areas as well.
Feng Shui works by identifying the energies and absorbing any unhealthy Sha Qi and transforming it from a “black stream” into a “white stream”. This can be done by strategically placing items such as wood, crystals, water or fire to absorb, redirect or enhance the energies. The idea is to balance the elements of Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water equally.
It is thought that birds are very sensitive to good and bad energy and horses are quite resilient to its effects. However, a horse stabled over a “black stream” will never reach his full potential and may be more susceptible to injury or illness. We can therefore help achieve optimum health and performance by directing good energy into the yard and neutralising any “black streams”.
Here are some basic principles of Feng Shui to try in the stable yard: · Try and square off the shape of the yard as ‘L’ or ‘U’ shaped yards have corners missing and will therefore be letting out energy and lacking in certain life aspects. This can be achieved by fencing across the open side to create a whole square.
· Keep brooms out of sight: although they are associated with sweeping away negative energy, they can also sweep away the good energy we want to keep.
· Use a compass to establish the Feng Shui directions:
NORTH is associated the element WATER. It enhances wealth and career achievements so having a water bucket, tap or stream here should improve your horses competition prospects! But make sure the water flows inwards and is not behind the stables as this would mean your wealth and opportunities are flowing away from you.
SOUTH is associated with the element FIRE. As fire and stables do not safely mix, adding a light in this area or a red object can help to boost this element and promote peace and harmony. Animals and livestock are represented by fire.
EAST is associated with nourishment and growth and with the element WOOD. There should be plenty of this around!
WEST is associated with METAL so windchimes or a metal hanging basket will help bring good luck.
CENTRAL and S/W & N/E positions would benefit from earth, rocks or crystals being positioned here.
Wood and water should already be in the stable and a crystal hanging from a red ribbon would provide the elements fire and earth. Any dangling crystals should be kept out of reach of inquisitive animals who may think it is the latest in horse treats!
A Feng Shui consultant will be able to dowse for ley lines and suggest specific ways to enhance the Feng Shui in your stable yard.
HERBAL REMEDIES This covers a vast array of plant extracts or whole leaf supplements which are, in my opinion, the most accessible and useful way of maintaining a happy and healthy horse. Plant ‘medicines’ have been used for thousand of years and are still the primary source of health treatments in many countries. Many modern drugs originate from, or are direct replicas of chemicals present in plants.
From offering your horse herbs picked from the hedgerow or meadow you are, in a small way, helping to redress the balance of modern field management which eliminates the vast majority of useful plants and herbs offer stable kept horses a more natural and varied diet.
I personally pick the following plants and young shoots (which are all easily recognisable) and feed them fresh when in season and also dry them out in the sun and store to use during the winter:
[PHOTOS OF THESE IF POSSIBLE, CAN ALSO USE IN FIELD REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER]
Cleavers (‘clingy’ weed found in gardens and hedgerows) Cow Parsley (flowers, leaves and stem) Dandelion (leaves and flowers) Willow (soft branches and leaves – feed whole branches when in season or dry out and chop up for easier storage, to be added to feed in winter). Hazel (soft branches and leaves – save the nuts to eat yourself!) Beech (soft branches and leaves only) Hawthorn (berries) Rose hips
It is essential to be aware exactly what you are feeding by identifying plants correctly as some plants may look very similar to others but actually be deadly poisonous.
By learning to recognise growing herbs and other plants and ‘harvesting’ them yourself you will appreciate how the horse relied on the changing seasons to bring about ever changing ‘tonics’ and nutrients provided by these invaluable plants. Horses are often really enthusiastic when offered a specific herb for the first few days and then seem to go off it as the shortfall in their body is replenished. After a break they will be keen to feed on it again.
In an ideal world, horses would be able to select beneficial plants from the herbage they ate in relation to any nutrients they were lacking. Modern herbal ‘mixes’ of dried herbs or liquid preparations help to overcome the mystery of which herbs can benefit which complaint or disorder and these are now widely available.
NATURE’S FIRST AID [as already done in mock-up but photos are wrong]
Inflammation: Devil’s Claw with its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties is a good alternative to Phenylbutazone (Bute). Other useful plant treatments are Comfrey, Willow and Arnica.
Skin problems: Feeding Kelp and Cod Liver Oil will give the coat a good bloom. External treatments include Tea-tree Oil with its antiseptic and antifungal properties and Aloe-Vera to promote good tissue and hair re-growth.
Laminitis and Navicular: Nettles and Hawthorn leaves and berries are an excellent circulatory stimulant and blood conditioner with a rich source of Iron and Vitamin C making them excellent for anaemia, arthritis and lamintis. Cleavers, Comfrey and Garlic will also help to support the lymphatic system.
Diarrhoea: Rosehips will help with scouring and diarrhoea and the high level of Vitamin C will help re-habilitate the animal and fight off infection. Mint and Yeast are good general gut conditioners.
Mental Disorders: Valerian with its sedative action will help to calm horses without them losing their faculties and can be given prior to a stressful situation e.g. travelling, clipping etc. It has also been used successfully in the treatment of epilepsy. Chamomile and Ginger also have beneficial calming properties.
Respiratory Problems: Garlic, Aniseed and Eucalyptus are expectorants and will clear mucus from the airways. Buckwheat has an antihistamine content to soothe irritation caused by allergies . A few drips of Peppermint oil can also be added to the feed or hay to make breathing easier.
Rehabilitation: Echinacea is the most well known immuno-stimulant and Kelp contains the best all-round source of vitamins. Cider Vinegar and Cleavers will act as a tonic for the whole body.
There are many different herbal systems of treatment throughout the world and the Indian tradition of Ayurvedu is becoming popular today in the treatment of equine ailments. It not only promotes the use of specific herbs but considers the physical makeup and personality traits of each horse before treatment. According to Ayurvedu, each horse is made up of the five natural elements of fire, water, space, air and earth and that three forces known as doshas dictate their physical and personality traits. The three doshas are Vata, Pitta and Kapha and are present in all horses but it is the balance of these doshas and the overpowering force in each animal that promotes certain characteristics and, by identifying this, we can treat the animals more effectively. Ayurvedu teaches that feeding herbs can increase or lower one specific dosha to help treat a specific condition and that herbs have a different affect on each horse depending on that horse’s individual make up.
HOMEOPATHYAlthough recognised in medical philosophy since the time of Hippocrates it was the German Physician Samuel Hahnemann who researched the system in the late 1700s by testing different ingredients on himself. He discovered that very diluted quantities of even toxic substances when added to a water/alcohol base, rather than having a destructive effect could actually be used to beneficial effect and counterbalance a specific problem or stimulate a healing response. By extensive experimentation he identified which plants and minerals derivatives could be used to treat specific conditions. A good example is Rhus Tox which comes from poison ivy which would cause stiffness in the joints in a healthy horse but actually gives relief to a horse with arthritis.
Nowadays this is becoming increasingly popular but knowledge of the specific dilution or potency required is essential for effective treatment. The art is matching individual symptoms to the corresponding remedy and knowing how potent and how frequently the tincture should be administered. An acute problem may need recurrent dosing every 10 minutes to begin with whereas longer established chronic conditions may only need exposure to the remedy once a day. The idea is that the treatment ‘kick starts’ healing - watch for improvement in your horse and then cease the treatment and allow the body to heal itself. The remedy can be offered again if symptoms return but continual exposure to the remedy will make it less effective.
Horses with sweet itch and pollen allergies have shown remarkable improvement when dosed with homeopathic remedies made from the substances which trigger their allergies, such as the colicoides midge or oil seed rape.
Unusually, the greater the dilution of the mother tincture, the more potent the remedy becomes. For example, a remedy of 6 has been diluted 6 times in its carrier of water/alchohol. The suffix ‘c’ means the dilutions are carried out in steps of 1 part tincture to 99 parts carrier and ‘x’ means the dilutions are in steps of 1 part in 9. There are many ‘off the shelf’ formulations available from chemists but it is advisable to consult a trained homeopath for advice. Most remedies are available in tablet, liquid or powder form to be offered orally on food, in water or directly on the gums or tongue. External homeopathic remedies such as Tea Tree and Calendula are also available as a cream for the topical treatment of wounds.
TABLE OF TREATMENTS Seek advice on potency and frequency of treatment before using homeopathic remedies.
Arnica – (Leopard’s Bane) commonly used to reduce bruising and aid healing of bumps and strains N.B. only use forms specifically made for internal use if you are intending to give this orally (as opposed to creams available for external application). Echinacea – boosts the immune system to challenge infection and encourage healing Lachesis, Platina, Pulsatilla, Sepia – are sometimes used to improve the temperament of mares sensitive to their oestrus hormone fluctuations Aconite – for shock and fear or panic Lycopodium, Bryonia (wild hops) – for colic with gas build up or impaction Nux Vom(ica) – for colic and general flushing of the digestive system and detoxifying of organs such as the liver which may have been damaged by Ragwort or other poisoning Colocynthis – to relieve the intestinal spasms of colic Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) – acute laminitis, infections Hypericum – for lacerations and puncture wounds, to reduce pain and the risk of infection Thuja occidentalis and Hepar sulph – to clear up mud fever Silicea – particularly useful to treat scabs and hair loss caused by allergy Sepia (Cuttlefish ink) – for improving fertility or hormonal imbalances Apis – for all types of swellings on limbs and also allergies and insect bites Rhus tox (Poison Ivy) – for all types of arthritis Arsenicum Album (Arsenic Trioxide) – mud fever, rain scald, sweet itch Urtica urens – for bee stings and nettle rash Hepar sulph – for nasal discharge and coughs Acetic acid, Abrotanum and Iodum – for diarrhoea Chamomile – to calm a restless horse
HYDROTHERAPY This comes in many forms but highlights the usefulness of a natural element, water. The properties of water are beneficial in several ways; for its cooling therapeutic effects, for the salt and other minerals contained in it and for the supportive resistance it offers.
Cold hosing has long been used to reduce soft tissue swelling. Immediately following an injury, the body’s immune system triggers the release of chemicals and cells to the site and although these are beneficial, the excess fluid that builds up can actually suffocate the healthy cells, depriving them of oxygen and exacerbating the situation. This is known as hypoxia and cold hosing, standing in water or applying cold water wraps causes the blood vessels to constrict, increases the external pressure and helps to disperse the inflammation. It is essential not to prolong the treatment for more than about 20 minutes at a time and to avoid direct contact with any area of broken skin area as exposure to extremely cold temperatures will actually kill off healthy tissue. It is beneficial in the treatment of strains and sprains and advantageous to repeat the treatment over several short sessions. Contrast therapy using alternate cold and warm water is also effective. There are now various specially designed ‘ice boots’ on the market which are more labour saving. There are also re-usable cold wraps which are applied to the limb after injury or exercise and boots that have an attachment to keep the hose in place.
If you have access to a river, stream or even the sea, standing your horse in the flow of the water will gentle invigorate and massage his body. Walking the horse through varying depths of water or even allowing him to swim is an excellent way of improving cardiovascular strength and muscle tone. The sea also has the added benefit of salt to help clear up any infection that may be present.
Hydrotherapy pools with adjustable jets are sometimes used in veterinary centres or racing yards for rehabilitating animals.
KINESIOLOGY Kinesiology is a holistic method of muscle testing and energy balancing using the same meridians as used in Chinese medicines such as acupuncture and acupressure. In the treatment of horses a surrogate (human) is needed to assess any weaknesses of muscle function which will in turn pinpoint weaknesses in the organs or glands which share the same vessel of acupuncture meridian.
Practitioners are trained to “feel” physical weaknesses and also deep-seated emotional disorders perhaps caused by past anguish or maltreatment and this can even be detected from hair samples taken from the horse’s mane or tail.
Applied Kinesiology is often used in association with aromatherapy and dictates which oils should be selected for treatment. These oils can then be taken orally (with practitioner advice), inhaled or applied to the skin and their beneficial effects are usually obvious 3-7 days after application and sometimes within hours of the treatment.
MAGNETIC THERAPY Once again, the Chinese were the first to recognise the properties of magnets to promote healing. Magnetic therapy is found, by some, to be an effective form of pain relief and can be particularly useful to alleviate the symptoms of arthritis, rheumatism, navicular, tendon problems and muscle cramps. Pulses penetrate deep into the tissues to increase blood flow, remove toxins and stimulate regeneration of cells. The magnetic waves should be set at the specific frequency for the condition being treated.
Nowadays static magnets contained in bandages or rugs can be applied to the horse for home treatment. We are exposed to a natural magnetic field every day, the strength of which is measured at about 1,000 Gauss. This exposure is reduced when we are inside or in a car and, in the same way, a stabled horse with a thick rug will not be receiving as much magnetic energy. Magnets can either be bi-polar or multi-polar and both are effective. It is wise to chose those measuring 1,000 Gauss or less to mimic the natural level in the atmosphere (although the rug or boot encasing them will block some of the strength).
OSTEOPATHY Osteopaths concentrate on the whole body to correct misalignment problems between the bones, muscles, ligaments and connective tissues. What may seem at first glance to be a problem specific to one area in the horse’s body, may actually have a dramatic influence on other parts of the body. Osteopaths work to release tension and improve blood flow. On horses, this is carried out by the manipulation of the head, neck, limbs, pelvis and tail and may be administered under sedation or even anaesthetic to allow for more penetrative handling to target deeper muscles. It aims to correct deformation and misalignment of the skeleton. Cranial osteopathy concentrates on the skull and can be beneficial in the treatment of head shakers.
PHYSIOTHERAPY Physiotherapists work in conjunction with a vet and are often used in a preventative capacity as well as for treatment of injuries. The physiotherapist assesses conformation, balance, stride and type of work undertaken by the horse to work out where possible stresses and strains may occur, for example by the horse over-compensating to alleviate pain caused by injury or deformity. By designing a specific programme of stretches and exercises to develop muscle tone and balance skeletal forces the aim is to reduce the likelihood of injury and prolong the horse’s working life. Electrotherapy and heat treatments may also be used in conjunction with this and the therapy may take weeks or months to complete.
RADIONICS An American physician, Dr Albert Abrahams invented a theory that the abdomen could absorb and transfer energy and a healthy surrogate human could be used to diagnose different diseases in another being by simply holding a sample of their blood, or hair. He discovered this when he was examining a patient’s abdomen and heard a dull note which could not be explained and later found that this same resonance was achieved in the surrogate, when the healthy person held the diseased tissue in their hand. He mapped out a plan of the abdomen with different regions relating to different diseases and found that the use of electrical instruments could enhance the energy transference by identifying resistance and normalising the radiations.
It is popular because, as with Kinesiology, diagnosis can be given from a distance, by using a hair sample from the mane or tail. The diagnostic testing dictates which treatment should be used to aid healing such as acupuncture, homeopathy or even colour therapy.
REIKI Reiki is a form of hands on healing to activate the body’s own healing mechanism, reduce stress and promote relaxation. It works on four levels; Spiritual, Mental, Emotional and Physical. To restore energy levels the therapist will either place her hands on the animal or a few inches over the surface of the skin to balance and restore harmony to the horse’s body. With this method we are able to alleviate physical pain and psychological and emotional imbalances and stress.
Some horses find a session of Reiki relaxing whereas others find it stimulating. It is an excellent way of releasing stress and depression in horses and some physical conditions which have benefited from Reiki are COPD, melanomas and allergies.
(Picture 1 – hands on head) As energy flows a feeling of well-being and relaxation will come over the horse. It will revitalise the body’s own healing system and release tension.
(Picture 2 – hands over back) The hands do not need to be touching the skin for energy to be able to pass across.
(Picture 3 – hands on shoulder) In Reiki the animal will take as much energy as it needs through the channel.
SHIATSU Shiatsu practitioners use the same meridian lines and theory as developed in Acupuncture but instead of using needles, they use finger pressure, manipulative massage, stretches and rotation of the limbs, neck and tail to balance energy and promote health. The body is made up of 12 main pathways or meridians that relate to organs and form a long circuit and 2 shorter meridians that channel the energy.
The meridian lines are used as a map and the practitioner lays one hand on the horse’s body for balance and to feel for any sudden movements by the horse. The other hand traces the pathway of the specific meridian feeling for tense knots and hot and cold areas. The horse may lower his head and appear relaxed or feel agitated if a sensitive area is touched which may need further massaging or manipulation to release the flow of energy.
SUPPLEMENTSI am using this heading to cover supplements, usually added to the horse’s feed, which profess to have regenerative properties or help maintain good health in the horse. These may be derived from plant, mineral or even animal or fish sources. Although all the substances listed here have been found to be beneficial in some way, should we not bear in mind that horses, as herbivores, would be very unlikely to eat anything of animal or fish origin and therefore animal or fish derived substances are not ‘natural’ supplements for the horse and perhaps could cause adverse effects we are not aware of yet? Always read the list of ingredients and check with the manufacturer if you are unsure about their suitability.
Cod Liver Oil Used to aid joint mobility in horses with arthritic conditions and to improve overall skin and coat condition. High in Vitamins A and D.
Linseed Oil Made from oil extracted from the Linseed plant. Digestive aid and coat conditioner.
Cider Vinegar Made from apples this provides a good natural tonic and source of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, iron and other trace elements. Useful to promote overall good health and has been found to be beneficial to joint suppleness.
Shark Cartilage As its name suggests this is processed shark’s cartilage which can be used as an anti-inflammatory in the treatment of joint problems.
MSM (Methyl Sulphonyl Methane) This is organic sulphur and is very useful in maintaining healthy connective tissues in the hooves and skin and also as and anti-inflammatory agent.
Yeasts, Enzymes & Probotics are beneficial for horses with digestive problems as they encourage good micro-organisms in the intestines of the horse to help break down the food and aid absorption of the nutrients.
Biotin Very well known sulphur rich vitamin which is helpful in promoting a healthy hoof structure. Often used in conjunction with Zinc and Methionine to aid absorption.
GAGs (Glycosaminogylcans) Can contribute to cartilage repair in stiff or arthritic joints.
Kelp/Seaweed Contains a broad spectrum of vitamins and minerals and enhances coat and skin condition.
For analysis of vitamin and mineral supplements and their function in a horse’s body see Chapter 7, Nutrition the Natural Way
TELLINGTON TOUCH – T TEAM TTeam (short for Tellington Touch Equine Awareness Method) was developed by Linda Tellington-Jones and uses massage techniques and exercises to relax the horse and improve comfort and co-ordination in the animal. She has also developed a series of groundwork exercises using a grid or ‘Labyrinth’ to improve the concentration and athletic ability of the horse.
Some of the main TTouches are the Clouded Leopard, Python Lift, Tail Pull, Ear Work and Leg Circles.
Clouded Leopard A circular movement which can be used all over the body to increase circulation or relieve tension or stiffness in the muscles. Your hand should rest lightly on the horse’s skin with fingers just slightly curved. Keeping your hand spread out slightly draw a circle of one and a quarter rotations, allowing the fingers to push the skin. Try different pressures and watch the horse’s reaction.
Python Lift Used to relieve muscle spasm and improve circulation. The flat of the hand is laid over the horse’s skin above a muscle and the whole area is lifted slightly by gripping gently with the palm and fingers, held for four seconds and then released.
Tail Pull Tail manipulation to release tension in the neck and back. The tail is held gently but firmly in both hands and flexed by gentle rotation and stretched by leaning back slightly and using your own weight to ‘pull’ the tail into alignment.
Ear Work Ear Work is useful in helping a horse relax and release tension. It can be useful after a shock to lower pulse and respiration rates. Lower the horse’s head and work on one ear at a time by using your fingertips to gently stroke and squeeze the ear working from base to tip. There are many acupressure points in the ear and working on the tip of the ear can be helpful for horses that have undergone a traumatic experience. Be aware that some horses do not like their ears being touched at first.
Leg Circles Excellent for warming up cold limbs before exercise and improving circulation in a stabled horse. To perform this movement on the horse a leg is lifted slightly and flexed (forwards or backwards) and very gently in a circular pattern and then put back down to the ground.
WHISPERERS & SPIRITUAL HEALINGThis is not really a treatment but more of a ‘consultation’ between horse and human. Horse whisperers tend to have a talent for understanding and communicating with their equine patients through actions or a kind of telepathy. They are useful in determining the root cause of a problem and may reveal past experiences or mental and physical disorders not apparent in other forms of diagnosis. By understanding where the dysfunction lies, a more suitable treatment can be implemented.
Useful Contacts:
The Radionics Association Tel: 01869-338852
Association of British Veterinary Acupuncturists (ABVA) East Park Cottage, London Road, Handcross, West Sussex RH17 6BD
UK EMRT Co-ordinator – Sue Connolly Tel: 01789-772413 e-mail: sueconnolly@lineone.net
British Association of Homeopathic Veterinary SurgeonsChinham House, Stanford-in-the Vale, Faringdon, Oxon SN7 8NQ Tel: 01367-718115
The British Holistic Veterinary Medicine Association The Croft, Tockwith Road, Long Marston, North Yorkshire YO26 7PQ
British Herbal Medical Association PO Box 304 Bournemouth, Dorset BN7 7LH Tel: 01202-433691
Bach Flower Remedies Broadheath House, 83 Oarkside, Wimbledon, London SW19 9SA Tel: 0208-780 4200
The Register of Qualified Aromatherapists PO Box 3431, Danbury, Chelmsford, Essex CM3 4UA Tel: 01245-227957
National Association of Animal Therapists Tyringham Hall, Cuddington, Aylesbury, Bucks HP18 0AP Tel: 01844-291526
TTeam and TTouch South Hill House, Radford, Bath, BA3 1QQ Tel: 01761-471182 CHAPTER 8 HEALING & NATURAL REMEDIES
The most important part of the daily routine of looking after a horse is WATCHING IT. Studying your horse is the best route to understanding it and being aware of any warning signs of abnormal behaviour or symptoms of trouble, whether mental or physical.
Ideally, you should be aware of the following:-
· The previous medical history of your horse, any recurrent problems or conformational defects that may cause a problem in the future. · His overall demeanour when healthy including: - his stance (whether he commonly rests a back leg etc.) - the colour of mucous membranes (around the eyes and the gums in the mouth). · His normal frequency of urination or passing droppings (and their consistency, taking into account his diet). · His normal appetite. · His normal temperature and pulse and respiration rates.
By knowing what is the ‘norm’ then it should be easier to detect any abnormalities which may be early symptoms that all is not well.
Temperature – The normal temperature for a horse is 38°C or 100.5°F. This is usually taken by inserting the end of a thermometer about 4cms inside the rectum, and holding it against the wall for about a minute.
Pulse/Heart Rate – A horse’s pulse at rest should be between 30 and 40 beats per minute. It can be taken by pressing a finger on any artery but is commonly taken under the jaw of the horse.
Respiration – Is the number of breaths a horse takes per minute. It should be between 8 and 12 in a resting horse but will increase after exercise.
Hydration and Blood Circulation - When the skin of the neck, shoulder or flank is pinched it should spring back quickly. If it is slow to return flat it may be a sign of dehydration. The colour of mucus membranes around the nostrils, eyes and gums should be salmon pink. A paler colour may be a sign of anaemia or low blood pressure.
The next port of call is your Vet. Although you should be the best person to advise if your animal is off-colour, your Vet is trained to diagnose and pinpoint the specific problem and treat accordingly.
When to call the VetAlthough this book predominately is aimed to encourage a more ‘natural’ way of life for domestic horses, their health should always come first and never be jeopardised by trying to ‘let nature take its course’ and not seeking medical advice. Nature can be cruel and injury and disease acted as a natural method of ‘culling’ the weak or elderly to limit the equine population in the wild.
The very way we domesticate horses - using tack and rugs, transporting them in vehicles, fencing them in paddocks, feeding them contrived diets and pushing them to their limits in the way we ride them - actually exposes them to more risk of injury than their wild relatives. We certainly owe it to them to be a responsible owner and aid recovery of injury and illness as best we can.
Call your Vet immediately if there is: · Heavy bleeding. · Severe pain. Obvious signs of distress include groaning, violent rolling, eyes rolling, straining. · Sudden lameness or inability to move willingly. · A foreign body puncturing or embedded in the skin, such as a piece of wire. · Breathing difficulty. · Joint oil (a yellowish fluid) leaking from the wound. · A bone exposed.
Keep a close eye on your horse/pony and arrange for the Vet to come as soon as possible if there is:
· A cut or puncture wound that has not caused lameness but may require flushing out or stitching. · Lameness, although the horse is able to walk. · Diarrhoea or loss of appetite. · Mild colic (although this may pass before the vet arrives). · Abnormal behaviour, staggering or moving awkwardly, unusual aggression or hypersensitive behaviour. · Lumps or swellings or foul smelling areas. · Recurrent coughing or discharge from the nose. Emergency Treatments before the Vet arrives
Owning a horse or pony comes with the inevitable risk of injury and health problems. Whilst it is essential that we consult a vet to ensure the correct diagnosis and treatment there are certain things we can do in an emergency to hopefully lessen the problem.
· Try not to panic. You may be worried and the animal will certainly be stressed or even in shock so it is essential to stay calm and try to think clearly. · If in doubt, do nothing. Do not aggravate the problem. Get advice from your vet before even cleaning a wound. You may feel you want to clean a laceration by hosing the area but sometimes damage can actually be caused by over-hosing as the water pressure is greater than the structure of the cells and can break the tissue down and impede healing. · Use your common sense. If you carry a mobile phone and your horse has a fall or accident telephone for help and just try to make the horse as comfortable as possible until the vet arrives. The vet may be able to give you advice over the phone before you transport or walk the animal back to the yard. · Staunch any bleeding with pressure. If your horse sustains an injury while you are out you may need to improvise with what you have to hand but firm pressure directly onto the wound is essential to help the blood clot and avoid major blood loss.
You may find yourself in an unlucky situation where there is no phone or help at hand and it is necessary to improvise treatment to stabilise the situation before help arrives.
(Cobweb picture) For minor cuts which do not require stitching a clean, newly spun cobweb is an excellent aid to bridge the wound and especially useful for awkward or sensitive places.
(Mints picture) Sugar-free mints have successfully been used to alleviate mild colic. The mint oil present in the sweets is antispasmodic and helps soothe and relax the digestive tract and the Sorbitol acts as a mild laxative to get the system moving again. N.B. Consult your vet if systems persist as colic can be life-threatening.
(Sequence 1-4) To protect and support an injured leg an improvised dressing can be made up. Firstly put something non adhesive over the wound (e.g. a large leaf or even part of a clean plastic bag). A scarf or neck tie can be used to bandage the area firmly to give support. If the wound is bleeding profusely use padding in the layers of the bandage to give added pressure, a handful of grass or leaves can act as wadding in an emergency. Finally use bailer twine or a belt to secure the bandage in place.
(Water picture) For minor sprains and strains or just to relieve tired limbs, coolpack leg wraps, refresher braces and even standing in water is beneficial to reduce swelling and heat. Astringent Witch Hazel can be added to a wash to reduce inflammation and refresh and revitalise sore, tired muscles or can be used as a compress to stop bleeding.
Mental Health
Physical distress is usually apparent at an early stage whereas mental distress may be almost undetectable. It is, however, equally important to look after both the physical and mental health of your horse and pony if he is going to reach his peak in both facets of his life.
We may think that the cosseted lives we offer horses are preferential to their wellbeing and certainly we do protect them from many physical dangers and shortages of food that they would face in the wild. We can see just how healthy the majority of domestic equines are by their superb condition and the amazing ages they are living to in our care. Nevertheless, it is their mental health that can suffer from their “kept” form of life with us, not being able to make choices or decisions for themselves and having very little stimulation.
In their natural environment horses would have many kinds of mental stimulation from interacting with other members of the herd to searching for food and water. They would be exposed to all forms of weather and changing scenery and face the difficulties of this unpredictable environment.
A horse stabled for more than a few hours a day is, in effect, a prisoner. In an ideal world he would have the choice to be grazing, resting, sleeping, playing, rolling or simply standing either out in the open or undercover and removing this freedom of choice can have lasting consequences. In the same way, a solitary animal in a paddock can also be a prisoner (see the chapter on Field Requirements for a more detailed look at this from the horse’s point of view).
Mental wellbeing is of crucial importance for optimum performance in a horse and can enhance good physical health, personality, energy and responsiveness. Psychological imbalances can show in the forms of introverted or nervous behaviour, inability to bond or communicate with human or animal companions, aggressive behaviour, lack of enthusiasm for work and general depression or listlessness. Physical symptoms include crib-biting and windsucking, box walking, weaving, self-mutilation, swollen legs, dull coat.
Alternative Therapies
It would be lovely if all equine diseases and injuries could be treated with ‘natural therapies’ but they should not be seen as ‘the be all and end all’ of equine medicine. They do, however, come into their own as a way for promoting day to day health and wellbeing and as ‘complementary’ therapies to work in conjunction with drugs or where drugs have proved ineffective. What you have to remember is that most drugs administered by a Vet are derived from natural sources and are proven and tested in clinical trials. It is also the Vet’s extensive knowledge and training that is invaluable as well as the treatment he offers.
It is up to the owner’s knowledge of the animal and the expertise of the Vet to decide whether any complementary therapies would be beneficial.
Alternative therapies should be viewed as ‘complementary’ therapies and advice should always be sought from a Vet.
Important things to remember: DO make sure any plants you pick are correctly identified and free from chemical sprays or other pollutants. DO inform your vet before using any type of complementary medicine or treatment. DO check qualifications of any practitioners you decide to use. DO be aware that horses can be allergic to some plants so stop using them if there are any signs of adverse reactions. DON’T expect miracles overnight. Some plant based medicine takes several days or weeks to get into the system. DON’T assume that because it is ‘natural’ it must be safe. DON’T use guess work when administering treatments or remedies yourself. Always seek professional advice.
ACUPUNCTURE Eastern medicine believes that balancing the two fundamental forces of nature, the Yin and Yang, creates harmony and a healthy body. Meridian lines throughout the body channel energy and acupuncture is uses as a means of correcting disharmony and blockages in the flow of Qi (pronounched Chi), thereby stimulating the body’s own healing powers and reducing pain.
Very fine hollow needles (usually steel) are inserted along specific points just below the surface of the skin, on the meridian lines. It is interesting to note that the position of the needle may be located a long way from the corresponding site of pain. The needles are gently agitated to stimulate the area under the skin and are sometimes heated or used in conjunction with Chinese herbs to enhance the treatment.
Acupressure uses the same meridian lines but stimulates the flow of energy by fingertip pressure instead of needles.
ALOE VERA Aloe Vera is a vegetable from the lily family, like onions and garlic. It is generally the sap that is used although the whole plant contains and abundance of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and enzymes. It can be used in both internal and external treatments and has been found to be extremely effective on wounds where it kills bacteria, has a cooling and anti-inflammatory effect and speeds healing by supplying the cells with nutrients. It also seems to reduce scar tissue and the white hair growth often associated with the site of an injury. Taken orally it is effective as a detoxifying agent to help with urinary infections and digestive disorders.
Aloe Vera is widely available in liquid form for internal absorption or cream or gel form for external use. It is a very versatile, safe product which is an invaluable addition to any equine (or human) first aid kit.
AROMATHERAPY Aromatherapy uses the therapeutic properties of natural essential oils which are extracted from plants and fruits. Unlike homeopathic remedies which usually have a water/alcohol carrier, aromatherapy oils are bottled by infusing the highly concentrated oils in a carrier oil, such as almond or walnut oil.
Horses have a far more sensitive sense of smell than we do and the oils work to improve both the physical and emotional well-being of the animal. Just as horses in the wild would choose plants to aid or relieve their ailments, horses should be allowed to choose the oils used in treatment. They will usually show great interest in a desired oil and turn away from those not required.
When I offered one of my mares the essential oil Rose, she was so keen on it that she tried to eat the bottle, however when my gelding was offered the same oil under his nostrils, he shot to the back of the stable, spun round and tried to barge his way out to get away! His aversion to this was possibly quite understandable as Rose is generally used to balance hormonal changes in mares!! My advice would be to be prepared for possible dramatic reactions and if possible use an Aromatherapist or Kinesiologist to match the needs of the animal to the correct oil.
The horse’s needs may change over time so different oils will be useful in different situations. They will tend to lose interest or show dislike to the oil when their needs have been met and you should stop rather than offering the same treatment time and time again. According to the composition of the oils, they can be used for their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, sedative or stimulating attributes and are used to treat both physical and emotional conditions ranging from respiratory complaints to distress or depression in horses.
A wide range of aromatherapy treatments are available to buy over the counter and are usually administered by inhalation. The bottle containing the remedy is offered up to the horse’s nostrils or sprayed into the air. Depending on the condition they can also be massaged into the skin in dilute form.
Trained Aromatherapists often combine the art of Kinesiology as a way of diagnosing which oils should be selected.
Harnessing the power of Aromatherapy [text has changed from mock-up]
Rose, a useful hormone balancer for mares in and out of season and for horses that may have experienced past trauma. Comfrey, an uplifting oil to boost the immune system and useful in the treatment of wounds, warts and sarcoids. Neroli, for general depression and to comfort a horse following illness or the loss of a companion. Vetiver & Nutmeg, found to help strong willed and ‘bargy’ horses.
BACH FLOWER REMEDIES Dr Edward Bach was born in 1886 in Britain and trained as a medical student at Birmingham University. His medical knowledge together with his interest in nature led him to discover the healing power in plants and how the energy they contain could be ‘bottled’ and used to energise, balance and ‘kick start’ the body into healing physical and emotional upsets.
Dr Bach described them as “a simple and natural method of establishing equilibrium and harmony through the personality by means of non-poisonous wild flowers”. Although he developed these for use on humans Bach flower remedies can safely be used on horses. Usually about 8 drops of the remedy are added to water or on a treat such as an apple and the frequency of dosing will depend on the emergency of the situation. They can also be made into ointment for external application on the skin.
Surprisingly, each of the 38 flower remedies in the range is usually only made up of one ingredient, specific to the corresponding problems it treats. An example is Gorse, which is effective for depression perhaps during a period of box rest, recuperating from illness or injury or after the loss of a companion. The most well known composition formulation is the Rescue Remedy (made up of 5 ingredients) which has been found to be invaluable in the treatment of stress or shock or pre-show nerves and can be used by both horse and owner!
CHIROPRACTIC Chiropractic is a method of treating pain by external adjusting of the spinal column to release pressure on nerves. The treatment is predominantly manipulation to promote a healthy nervous system and to treat joint disorders, especially those in the spine of the horse. It is primarily used to realign the vertebrae by low velocity manipulative adjustments to correct incorrect pressure on the nerves and joints. It takes seven years to qualify as an animal chiropractor.
CHROMOTHERAPYChromotherapy uses colour to restore and maintain good health. In 1665 Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made of 7 colours that produce different vibrations in the environment which can affect our behaviour. Strange as it may sound, just as sound waves can be altered to produce harmony or discord, colours can be used to stimulate or calm cells in the body. The red side of the colour spectrum is used in varying degrees to stimulate circulation and cell regeneration, while the colours made up of predominantly blue have analgesic and anti-inflammatory influences. Chromotherapists use a hand held Bioptron which emits varying intensities of specialist lights with colour filters to treat problems as diverse as behavioural problems, arthritis and skin irritations.
EMRT – EQUINE MUSCLE RELEASE THERAPYThe theory from the Bowen Technique that is used on humans has been developed into a treatment for horses. It uses non-invasive gentle pressure and massage of the muscles and soft tissue, usually in a specific order over key areas of the horse’s body. It is used to relax muscles and correct overcompensation which could lead to an unbalanced animal and has successfully been used to help animals that tend to favour one side or direction of movement or seem restricted in their way of going.
FENG SHUI
Feng Shui is not really a ‘treatment’ for the horse itself but more of a specialist approach to harnessing the earth’s energies to enhance the well-being and potential of the animals and people surrounded by them.
The aim of Feng Shui is to identify the earth’s good energy currents (Sheng Qi) or vapours and neutralise unhealthy or blocked energies (Sha Qi). Bad energy currents or blockages are known as “black streams” and can be natural geological faults, tunnels, quarries or power stations and building foundations. Although many ley lines are invisible to the untrained eye, some can be easily identified on the surface of the ground by bare patches of lawn, stunted growth of plants or fungi growth. Insects and bacteria tend to thrive in these areas as well.
Feng Shui works by identifying the energies and absorbing any unhealthy Sha Qi and transforming it from a “black stream” into a “white stream”. This can be done by strategically placing items such as wood, crystals, water or fire to absorb, redirect or enhance the energies. The idea is to balance the elements of Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water equally.
It is thought that birds are very sensitive to good and bad energy and horses are quite resilient to its effects. However, a horse stabled over a “black stream” will never reach his full potential and may be more susceptible to injury or illness. We can therefore help achieve optimum health and performance by directing good energy into the yard and neutralising any “black streams”.
Here are some basic principles of Feng Shui to try in the stable yard: · Try and square off the shape of the yard as ‘L’ or ‘U’ shaped yards have corners missing and will therefore be letting out energy and lacking in certain life aspects. This can be achieved by fencing across the open side to create a whole square.
· Keep brooms out of sight: although they are associated with sweeping away negative energy, they can also sweep away the good energy we want to keep.
· Use a compass to establish the Feng Shui directions:
NORTH is associated the element WATER. It enhances wealth and career achievements so having a water bucket, tap or stream here should improve your horses competition prospects! But make sure the water flows inwards and is not behind the stables as this would mean your wealth and opportunities are flowing away from you.
SOUTH is associated with the element FIRE. As fire and stables do not safely mix, adding a light in this area or a red object can help to boost this element and promote peace and harmony. Animals and livestock are represented by fire.
EAST is associated with nourishment and growth and with the element WOOD. There should be plenty of this around!
WEST is associated with METAL so windchimes or a metal hanging basket will help bring good luck.
CENTRAL and S/W & N/E positions would benefit from earth, rocks or crystals being positioned here.
Wood and water should already be in the stable and a crystal hanging from a red ribbon would provide the elements fire and earth. Any dangling crystals should be kept out of reach of inquisitive animals who may think it is the latest in horse treats!
A Feng Shui consultant will be able to dowse for ley lines and suggest specific ways to enhance the Feng Shui in your stable yard.
HERBAL REMEDIES This covers a vast array of plant extracts or whole leaf supplements which are, in my opinion, the most accessible and useful way of maintaining a happy and healthy horse. Plant ‘medicines’ have been used for thousand of years and are still the primary source of health treatments in many countries. Many modern drugs originate from, or are direct replicas of chemicals present in plants.
From offering your horse herbs picked from the hedgerow or meadow you are, in a small way, helping to redress the balance of modern field management which eliminates the vast majority of useful plants and herbs offer stable kept horses a more natural and varied diet.
I personally pick the following plants and young shoots (which are all easily recognisable) and feed them fresh when in season and also dry them out in the sun and store to use during the winter:
[PHOTOS OF THESE IF POSSIBLE, CAN ALSO USE IN FIELD REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER]
Cleavers (‘clingy’ weed found in gardens and hedgerows) Cow Parsley (flowers, leaves and stem) Dandelion (leaves and flowers) Willow (soft branches and leaves – feed whole branches when in season or dry out and chop up for easier storage, to be added to feed in winter). Hazel (soft branches and leaves – save the nuts to eat yourself!) Beech (soft branches and leaves only) Hawthorn (berries) Rose hips
It is essential to be aware exactly what you are feeding by identifying plants correctly as some plants may look very similar to others but actually be deadly poisonous.
By learning to recognise growing herbs and other plants and ‘harvesting’ them yourself you will appreciate how the horse relied on the changing seasons to bring about ever changing ‘tonics’ and nutrients provided by these invaluable plants. Horses are often really enthusiastic when offered a specific herb for the first few days and then seem to go off it as the shortfall in their body is replenished. After a break they will be keen to feed on it again.
In an ideal world, horses would be able to select beneficial plants from the herbage they ate in relation to any nutrients they were lacking. Modern herbal ‘mixes’ of dried herbs or liquid preparations help to overcome the mystery of which herbs can benefit which complaint or disorder and these are now widely available.
NATURE’S FIRST AID [as already done in mock-up but photos are wrong]
Inflammation: Devil’s Claw with its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties is a good alternative to Phenylbutazone (Bute). Other useful plant treatments are Comfrey, Willow and Arnica.
Skin problems: Feeding Kelp and Cod Liver Oil will give the coat a good bloom. External treatments include Tea-tree Oil with its antiseptic and antifungal properties and Aloe-Vera to promote good tissue and hair re-growth.
Laminitis and Navicular: Nettles and Hawthorn leaves and berries are an excellent circulatory stimulant and blood conditioner with a rich source of Iron and Vitamin C making them excellent for anaemia, arthritis and lamintis. Cleavers, Comfrey and Garlic will also help to support the lymphatic system.
Diarrhoea: Rosehips will help with scouring and diarrhoea and the high level of Vitamin C will help re-habilitate the animal and fight off infection. Mint and Yeast are good general gut conditioners.
Mental Disorders: Valerian with its sedative action will help to calm horses without them losing their faculties and can be given prior to a stressful situation e.g. travelling, clipping etc. It has also been used successfully in the treatment of epilepsy. Chamomile and Ginger also have beneficial calming properties.
Respiratory Problems: Garlic, Aniseed and Eucalyptus are expectorants and will clear mucus from the airways. Buckwheat has an antihistamine content to soothe irritation caused by allergies . A few drips of Peppermint oil can also be added to the feed or hay to make breathing easier.
Rehabilitation: Echinacea is the most well known immuno-stimulant and Kelp contains the best all-round source of vitamins. Cider Vinegar and Cleavers will act as a tonic for the whole body.
There are many different herbal systems of treatment throughout the world and the Indian tradition of Ayurvedu is becoming popular today in the treatment of equine ailments. It not only promotes the use of specific herbs but considers the physical makeup and personality traits of each horse before treatment. According to Ayurvedu, each horse is made up of the five natural elements of fire, water, space, air and earth and that three forces known as doshas dictate their physical and personality traits. The three doshas are Vata, Pitta and Kapha and are present in all horses but it is the balance of these doshas and the overpowering force in each animal that promotes certain characteristics and, by identifying this, we can treat the animals more effectively. Ayurvedu teaches that feeding herbs can increase or lower one specific dosha to help treat a specific condition and that herbs have a different affect on each horse depending on that horse’s individual make up.
HOMEOPATHYAlthough recognised in medical philosophy since the time of Hippocrates it was the German Physician Samuel Hahnemann who researched the system in the late 1700s by testing different ingredients on himself. He discovered that very diluted quantities of even toxic substances when added to a water/alcohol base, rather than having a destructive effect could actually be used to beneficial effect and counterbalance a specific problem or stimulate a healing response. By extensive experimentation he identified which plants and minerals derivatives could be used to treat specific conditions. A good example is Rhus Tox which comes from poison ivy which would cause stiffness in the joints in a healthy horse but actually gives relief to a horse with arthritis.
Nowadays this is becoming increasingly popular but knowledge of the specific dilution or potency required is essential for effective treatment. The art is matching individual symptoms to the corresponding remedy and knowing how potent and how frequently the tincture should be administered. An acute problem may need recurrent dosing every 10 minutes to begin with whereas longer established chronic conditions may only need exposure to the remedy once a day. The idea is that the treatment ‘kick starts’ healing - watch for improvement in your horse and then cease the treatment and allow the body to heal itself. The remedy can be offered again if symptoms return but continual exposure to the remedy will make it less effective.
Horses with sweet itch and pollen allergies have shown remarkable improvement when dosed with homeopathic remedies made from the substances which trigger their allergies, such as the colicoides midge or oil seed rape.
Unusually, the greater the dilution of the mother tincture, the more potent the remedy becomes. For example, a remedy of 6 has been diluted 6 times in its carrier of water/alchohol. The suffix ‘c’ means the dilutions are carried out in steps of 1 part tincture to 99 parts carrier and ‘x’ means the dilutions are in steps of 1 part in 9. There are many ‘off the shelf’ formulations available from chemists but it is advisable to consult a trained homeopath for advice. Most remedies are available in tablet, liquid or powder form to be offered orally on food, in water or directly on the gums or tongue. External homeopathic remedies such as Tea Tree and Calendula are also available as a cream for the topical treatment of wounds.
TABLE OF TREATMENTS Seek advice on potency and frequency of treatment before using homeopathic remedies.
Arnica – (Leopard’s Bane) commonly used to reduce bruising and aid healing of bumps and strains N.B. only use forms specifically made for internal use if you are intending to give this orally (as opposed to creams available for external application). Echinacea – boosts the immune system to challenge infection and encourage healing Lachesis, Platina, Pulsatilla, Sepia – are sometimes used to improve the temperament of mares sensitive to their oestrus hormone fluctuations Aconite – for shock and fear or panic Lycopodium, Bryonia (wild hops) – for colic with gas build up or impaction Nux Vom(ica) – for colic and general flushing of the digestive system and detoxifying of organs such as the liver which may have been damaged by Ragwort or other poisoning Colocynthis – to relieve the intestinal spasms of colic Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) – acute laminitis, infections Hypericum – for lacerations and puncture wounds, to reduce pain and the risk of infection Thuja occidentalis and Hepar sulph – to clear up mud fever Silicea – particularly useful to treat scabs and hair loss caused by allergy Sepia (Cuttlefish ink) – for improving fertility or hormonal imbalances Apis – for all types of swellings on limbs and also allergies and insect bites Rhus tox (Poison Ivy) – for all types of arthritis Arsenicum Album (Arsenic Trioxide) – mud fever, rain scald, sweet itch Urtica urens – for bee stings and nettle rash Hepar sulph – for nasal discharge and coughs Acetic acid, Abrotanum and Iodum – for diarrhoea Chamomile – to calm a restless horse
HYDROTHERAPY This comes in many forms but highlights the usefulness of a natural element, water. The properties of water are beneficial in several ways; for its cooling therapeutic effects, for the salt and other minerals contained in it and for the supportive resistance it offers.
Cold hosing has long been used to reduce soft tissue swelling. Immediately following an injury, the body’s immune system triggers the release of chemicals and cells to the site and although these are beneficial, the excess fluid that builds up can actually suffocate the healthy cells, depriving them of oxygen and exacerbating the situation. This is known as hypoxia and cold hosing, standing in water or applying cold water wraps causes the blood vessels to constrict, increases the external pressure and helps to disperse the inflammation. It is essential not to prolong the treatment for more than about 20 minutes at a time and to avoid direct contact with any area of broken skin area as exposure to extremely cold temperatures will actually kill off healthy tissue. It is beneficial in the treatment of strains and sprains and advantageous to repeat the treatment over several short sessions. Contrast therapy using alternate cold and warm water is also effective. There are now various specially designed ‘ice boots’ on the market which are more labour saving. There are also re-usable cold wraps which are applied to the limb after injury or exercise and boots that have an attachment to keep the hose in place.
If you have access to a river, stream or even the sea, standing your horse in the flow of the water will gentle invigorate and massage his body. Walking the horse through varying depths of water or even allowing him to swim is an excellent way of improving cardiovascular strength and muscle tone. The sea also has the added benefit of salt to help clear up any infection that may be present.
Hydrotherapy pools with adjustable jets are sometimes used in veterinary centres or racing yards for rehabilitating animals.
KINESIOLOGY Kinesiology is a holistic method of muscle testing and energy balancing using the same meridians as used in Chinese medicines such as acupuncture and acupressure. In the treatment of horses a surrogate (human) is needed to assess any weaknesses of muscle function which will in turn pinpoint weaknesses in the organs or glands which share the same vessel of acupuncture meridian.
Practitioners are trained to “feel” physical weaknesses and also deep-seated emotional disorders perhaps caused by past anguish or maltreatment and this can even be detected from hair samples taken from the horse’s mane or tail.
Applied Kinesiology is often used in association with aromatherapy and dictates which oils should be selected for treatment. These oils can then be taken orally (with practitioner advice), inhaled or applied to the skin and their beneficial effects are usually obvious 3-7 days after application and sometimes within hours of the treatment.
MAGNETIC THERAPY Once again, the Chinese were the first to recognise the properties of magnets to promote healing. Magnetic therapy is found, by some, to be an effective form of pain relief and can be particularly useful to alleviate the symptoms of arthritis, rheumatism, navicular, tendon problems and muscle cramps. Pulses penetrate deep into the tissues to increase blood flow, remove toxins and stimulate regeneration of cells. The magnetic waves should be set at the specific frequency for the condition being treated.
Nowadays static magnets contained in bandages or rugs can be applied to the horse for home treatment. We are exposed to a natural magnetic field every day, the strength of which is measured at about 1,000 Gauss. This exposure is reduced when we are inside or in a car and, in the same way, a stabled horse with a thick rug will not be receiving as much magnetic energy. Magnets can either be bi-polar or multi-polar and both are effective. It is wise to chose those measuring 1,000 Gauss or less to mimic the natural level in the atmosphere (although the rug or boot encasing them will block some of the strength).
OSTEOPATHY Osteopaths concentrate on the whole body to correct misalignment problems between the bones, muscles, ligaments and connective tissues. What may seem at first glance to be a problem specific to one area in the horse’s body, may actually have a dramatic influence on other parts of the body. Osteopaths work to release tension and improve blood flow. On horses, this is carried out by the manipulation of the head, neck, limbs, pelvis and tail and may be administered under sedation or even anaesthetic to allow for more penetrative handling to target deeper muscles. It aims to correct deformation and misalignment of the skeleton. Cranial osteopathy concentrates on the skull and can be beneficial in the treatment of head shakers.
PHYSIOTHERAPY Physiotherapists work in conjunction with a vet and are often used in a preventative capacity as well as for treatment of injuries. The physiotherapist assesses conformation, balance, stride and type of work undertaken by the horse to work out where possible stresses and strains may occur, for example by the horse over-compensating to alleviate pain caused by injury or deformity. By designing a specific programme of stretches and exercises to develop muscle tone and balance skeletal forces the aim is to reduce the likelihood of injury and prolong the horse’s working life. Electrotherapy and heat treatments may also be used in conjunction with this and the therapy may take weeks or months to complete.
RADIONICS An American physician, Dr Albert Abrahams invented a theory that the abdomen could absorb and transfer energy and a healthy surrogate human could be used to diagnose different diseases in another being by simply holding a sample of their blood, or hair. He discovered this when he was examining a patient’s abdomen and heard a dull note which could not be explained and later found that this same resonance was achieved in the surrogate, when the healthy person held the diseased tissue in their hand. He mapped out a plan of the abdomen with different regions relating to different diseases and found that the use of electrical instruments could enhance the energy transference by identifying resistance and normalising the radiations.
It is popular because, as with Kinesiology, diagnosis can be given from a distance, by using a hair sample from the mane or tail. The diagnostic testing dictates which treatment should be used to aid healing such as acupuncture, homeopathy or even colour therapy.
REIKI Reiki is a form of hands on healing to activate the body’s own healing mechanism, reduce stress and promote relaxation. It works on four levels; Spiritual, Mental, Emotional and Physical. To restore energy levels the therapist will either place her hands on the animal or a few inches over the surface of the skin to balance and restore harmony to the horse’s body. With this method we are able to alleviate physical pain and psychological and emotional imbalances and stress.
Some horses find a session of Reiki relaxing whereas others find it stimulating. It is an excellent way of releasing stress and depression in horses and some physical conditions which have benefited from Reiki are COPD, melanomas and allergies.
(Picture 1 – hands on head) As energy flows a feeling of well-being and relaxation will come over the horse. It will revitalise the body’s own healing system and release tension.
(Picture 2 – hands over back) The hands do not need to be touching the skin for energy to be able to pass across.
(Picture 3 – hands on shoulder) In Reiki the animal will take as much energy as it needs through the channel.
SHIATSU Shiatsu practitioners use the same meridian lines and theory as developed in Acupuncture but instead of using needles, they use finger pressure, manipulative massage, stretches and rotation of the limbs, neck and tail to balance energy and promote health. The body is made up of 12 main pathways or meridians that relate to organs and form a long circuit and 2 shorter meridians that channel the energy.
The meridian lines are used as a map and the practitioner lays one hand on the horse’s body for balance and to feel for any sudden movements by the horse. The other hand traces the pathway of the specific meridian feeling for tense knots and hot and cold areas. The horse may lower his head and appear relaxed or feel agitated if a sensitive area is touched which may need further massaging or manipulation to release the flow of energy.
SUPPLEMENTSI am using this heading to cover supplements, usually added to the horse’s feed, which profess to have regenerative properties or help maintain good health in the horse. These may be derived from plant, mineral or even animal or fish sources. Although all the substances listed here have been found to be beneficial in some way, should we not bear in mind that horses, as herbivores, would be very unlikely to eat anything of animal or fish origin and therefore animal or fish derived substances are not ‘natural’ supplements for the horse and perhaps could cause adverse effects we are not aware of yet? Always read the list of ingredients and check with the manufacturer if you are unsure about their suitability.
Cod Liver Oil Used to aid joint mobility in horses with arthritic conditions and to improve overall skin and coat condition. High in Vitamins A and D.
Linseed Oil Made from oil extracted from the Linseed plant. Digestive aid and coat conditioner.
Cider Vinegar Made from apples this provides a good natural tonic and source of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, iron and other trace elements. Useful to promote overall good health and has been found to be beneficial to joint suppleness.
Shark Cartilage As its name suggests this is processed shark’s cartilage which can be used as an anti-inflammatory in the treatment of joint problems.
MSM (Methyl Sulphonyl Methane) This is organic sulphur and is very useful in maintaining healthy connective tissues in the hooves and skin and also as and anti-inflammatory agent.
Yeasts, Enzymes & Probotics are beneficial for horses with digestive problems as they encourage good micro-organisms in the intestines of the horse to help break down the food and aid absorption of the nutrients.
Biotin Very well known sulphur rich vitamin which is helpful in promoting a healthy hoof structure. Often used in conjunction with Zinc and Methionine to aid absorption.
GAGs (Glycosaminogylcans) Can contribute to cartilage repair in stiff or arthritic joints.
Kelp/Seaweed Contains a broad spectrum of vitamins and minerals and enhances coat and skin condition.
For analysis of vitamin and mineral supplements and their function in a horse’s body see Chapter 7, Nutrition the Natural Way
TELLINGTON TOUCH – T TEAM TTeam (short for Tellington Touch Equine Awareness Method) was developed by Linda Tellington-Jones and uses massage techniques and exercises to relax the horse and improve comfort and co-ordination in the animal. She has also developed a series of groundwork exercises using a grid or ‘Labyrinth’ to improve the concentration and athletic ability of the horse.
Some of the main TTouches are the Clouded Leopard, Python Lift, Tail Pull, Ear Work and Leg Circles.
Clouded Leopard A circular movement which can be used all over the body to increase circulation or relieve tension or stiffness in the muscles. Your hand should rest lightly on the horse’s skin with fingers just slightly curved. Keeping your hand spread out slightly draw a circle of one and a quarter rotations, allowing the fingers to push the skin. Try different pressures and watch the horse’s reaction.
Python Lift Used to relieve muscle spasm and improve circulation. The flat of the hand is laid over the horse’s skin above a muscle and the whole area is lifted slightly by gripping gently with the palm and fingers, held for four seconds and then released.
Tail Pull Tail manipulation to release tension in the neck and back. The tail is held gently but firmly in both hands and flexed by gentle rotation and stretched by leaning back slightly and using your own weight to ‘pull’ the tail into alignment.
Ear Work Ear Work is useful in helping a horse relax and release tension. It can be useful after a shock to lower pulse and respiration rates. Lower the horse’s head and work on one ear at a time by using your fingertips to gently stroke and squeeze the ear working from base to tip. There are many acupressure points in the ear and working on the tip of the ear can be helpful for horses that have undergone a traumatic experience. Be aware that some horses do not like their ears being touched at first.
Leg Circles Excellent for warming up cold limbs before exercise and improving circulation in a stabled horse. To perform this movement on the horse a leg is lifted slightly and flexed (forwards or backwards) and very gently in a circular pattern and then put back down to the ground.
WHISPERERS & SPIRITUAL HEALINGThis is not really a treatment but more of a ‘consultation’ between horse and human. Horse whisperers tend to have a talent for understanding and communicating with their equine patients through actions or a kind of telepathy. They are useful in determining the root cause of a problem and may reveal past experiences or mental and physical disorders not apparent in other forms of diagnosis. By understanding where the dysfunction lies, a more suitable treatment can be implemented.
Useful Contacts:
The Radionics Association Tel: 01869-338852
Association of British Veterinary Acupuncturists (ABVA) East Park Cottage, London Road, Handcross, West Sussex RH17 6BD
UK EMRT Co-ordinator – Sue Connolly Tel: 01789-772413 e-mail: sueconnolly@lineone.net
British Association of Homeopathic Veterinary SurgeonsChinham House, Stanford-in-the Vale, Faringdon, Oxon SN7 8NQ Tel: 01367-718115
The British Holistic Veterinary Medicine Association The Croft, Tockwith Road, Long Marston, North Yorkshire YO26 7PQ
British Herbal Medical Association PO Box 304 Bournemouth, Dorset BN7 7LH Tel: 01202-433691
Bach Flower Remedies Broadheath House, 83 Oarkside, Wimbledon, London SW19 9SA Tel: 0208-780 4200
The Register of Qualified Aromatherapists PO Box 3431, Danbury, Chelmsford, Essex CM3 4UA Tel: 01245-227957
National Association of Animal Therapists Tyringham Hall, Cuddington, Aylesbury, Bucks HP18 0AP Tel: 01844-291526
TTeam and TTouch South Hill House, Radford, Bath, BA3 1QQ Tel: 01761-471182 |
|
PHOTOGRAPHY BY Aristography M R Edwards www.aristography.co.uk |
|
|
|
NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP, bloodstock & sport horse SALES |
|
E-MAIL: info@holistichorsemanship.co.uk |
|
1. HERBS & SUPPLEMENTS 2. A-Z OF ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 3. NUTRITION THE NATURAL WAY 4. GOING BAREFOOT
|
|
LINKS Ø |
|
WEBSITE ASSISTANCE BY: |
|
www.horsesfirstracing.com |
|
www.cityracingclub.com |